BA3 - Architecture Research - Romanesque

 

Romanesque architecture was used during the 11th and 12th century in Western Europe to later develop into Gothic style. The term 'Romanesque' itself didn't exist until the 19th century and it means 'from Rome'. We call it Romanesque because it is heavily influenced by the ancient Roman Empire with it's robust arches and vaults. In Britain however, this kind of architecture is usually referred to as Norman Architecture. This is because it was the 'Normans' that introduced England to this new style.

Even though the name makes you believe it was based on the architecture in Rome, it was actually influenced by the architecture of the Byzantine Empire. (Istanbul etc.)

One of the key characteristics of this architectural type was the move from using wood into using stone as building material. Building large complex structures such as churches and cathedrals with stone meant that the walls had to be extremely thick and windows quiet small to prevent the building from collapsing because of the massive weight. With time, as we perfected this kind of architecture the constructions started becoming less bulky and here is where it transformed into Gothic architecture.

Most of population in Europe were illiterate at the time, because of this the interiors of Romanesque churches and cathedrals were usually covered with colorful interpretations of the Bible using paintings, sculptures and carvings.

Norwich Cathedral, an example of Romanesque Architecture. 

References:
https://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/romanesque